Social  &  Global  Studies

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    • Acknowledgement
    • Evaluation
    • Curriculum
    • Author
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  • 12 LAW
    • Course Outline
    • Unit 1 Legal Philosophy
      • The NATO Case Analysis
    • Unit 2 International Law
      • ICJ Case Sketch Brief & Map
      • International Law Test
    • Unit 3 Sovereignty & Land
      • Blockade Negotiation
  • 11 LAW
    • Course Outline
    • Unit 1 Principles & Problems
      • R. v. Jacob Legal Opinion
      • HIV Criminalization Map
    • Unit 2 Charter & Crim. Law
      • FEXP Charter Scenario
    • Unit 3 Trial Advocacy
      • Online Hate Speech Trial
  • 10 HISTORY
    • Course Outline
    • Unit 1 Historical Thinking
      • Oka Crisis Photo Analysis
    • Unit 2 Immigration Refugees
    • Unit 3 1914 to 1929
      • Causes Consequences Podcast
    • Unit 4 1929 to 1945
      • Letter Project
    • Culminating 1945 to Present
  • ECONOMICS
    • Course Outline
    • Unit 1 Econ. Problems
    • Public Schools Free Markets
    • Unit 2 Econ. Thinkers
    • The Matrix Seminar
    • Unit 3 The Market
    • Market Intervention Scenario
    • Unit 4 Econ. Globalisation
    • NLM Point Proof Outline
  • 11 GENOCIDE
    • Course Outline
    • Reflective Journals
    • Unit 1 Identity
    • Identity Self Portrait
    • Unit 2 We & They
    • Better World Seminars
    • Unit 3 The Crime of Genocide
    • Case Brief & Teaching
    • Unit 4 Genocide Question
    • Genocide Question Project
    • Unit 5 Culminating Project
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TRAILER (Netflix)
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U.S. President W. Wilson's 14 Points
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UNIT 3 → 1914 to 1929


PART A     WW1
→ 1914 to 1918

 
1914 → "Europe walked over a cliff & entered a war that would kill millions of its people, bleed economies dry, tear societies to pieces & undermine Europe's dominance in the world" Margaret MacMillan

WW1 PRIMARY READING PACKAGE





MAP of Europe Before WW1


WW1 MAP SET







Forces Making War More Likely (CAUSES of WW1)


5 Articles, 5 Bottom Lines, 5 Colours


The War That Ended Peace


Sarajevo Assassination → 5 Weeks Later WW1 → Unprecedented Carnage Began

 

THE OUTBREAK of WW1 a shock but it did not come out of a clear blue sky, rather the clouds of violent conflict had been gathering in the previous 2 decades and many Europeans aware of that fact at the time.


→ DAMS about to break, AVALANCHES about to slide (common imagery in the literature of the time). 

 

VERY LITTLE IN HISTORY IS INEVITABLE 


♦ There is a danger in looking at causes of WW1 because we can see all the things that were leading up to 1914 and because we CAN see them now, we tend to think the war was bound to happen.

 



CENTRAL QUESTION          How is it possible that Europe turned from a long peace to war so quickly?


→ As time goes by one forgets the reasons we enjoy peace.


→The next generations don't remember the reasons peace is so necessary, thus strong emotional support for peace disappears

    the further a nation gets from the last war.


→ Leaders did not fully understand what war could mean in a modern context.


DANGERS OR FORCES making war more likely


1. Rivalries Over Colonies


2. Economic Competition


3. Ethnic Nationalism (that was tearing apart the failing Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires)


4. Growth of Nationalist Public Opinion (which put new pressures on leaders to stand up for their nation's perceived rights and interests).


5. Other Ideas 


→ in the past European leaders were able to solve crises in the Balkans which created a confidence that threats of conflict could be dealt with diplomatically / peacefully.


→ European leaders believed the war would be short with decisive battles and victories.  Easy to glamourize war with glorious campaigns abroad.


→ European leaders felt the war was inevitable → a SOCIAL DARWINISM where nations are like individual species that need to fight for survival (war a natural part of the international order).  War is good for nations to keep citizens strong and act as a test of bravery and the moral fiber of a nation.


DOCUMENTARY -- A Necessary War? WATCH (0 to minute 20)

A Necessary War CENTRAL QUESTION

4 M. A. I. N. FORCES THAT MADE WAR MORE LIKELY


Militarism

The belief that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.  A policy of aggressive military preparedness to gain power and to achieve its goals.


Alliances

A formal agreement or pact, especially a military one, between two or more countries to achieve a particular aim, such as collective security.


Imperialism

A policy of extending a country’s political and economic power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means in order to gain control over other areas of the world.


Nationalism

A belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation or national identity.

STEPS TO WAR
VIDEO → How Europe Started WW1 (3:25 minutes)

Causes of WW1 Practice Test Questions

CONSEQUENCES of WW1

FULL READING → Canada & Consequences of WW1
BLANK GRID → Consequences of WW1 +  -  M


Historical Significance  → Vimy Ridge Case Study

SOURCE 1 → Canada Remembers the Battle of Vimy Ridge Veterans Affairs Canada


SOURCE 2
→ Vimy Ridge Documentary Discovery Channel Great Battles


SOURCE 3
→ Vimy Ridge: Birthplace of a Nation – or of a Canadian Myth? The Globe and Mail 31 March 2017

PDF COPY → 6 Global Consequences of WW1

Consequences M. BAUER's Extended Notes


6 Global Effects of WW1

VIDEO → Europe at the End of WW1 (4:09 minutes)

********************************************NOT ON TEST***************************************************
Consequences Case Study - Syria Before & After WW1

The Death of the Ottoman Empire & the Birth of the Modern Middle East


The war in the Middle East was not as bloody as the slaughter on the Western Front, still hundreds of thousands of casualties happened.  In addition, approximately 1 million Armenians were killed or starved to death during their deportation by Ottoman / Turkish forces.


The United Kingdom's and France's arbitrary and careless redesign of the middle east has led to eternal conflict and instability both within countries and between neighbouring countries.

Documentary A History of Syria with Dan Snow (BBC)      Start to 17:35
Syria is a complex ethnic & religious country.  The roots of the current conflict are long & deep and at its source is betrayal, religion, empire, and war.

Syria was a strategically important cross-roads between Europe and Asia.  Syria was an artery of global trade and with wealth came the desire of many empires to dominate and control the region, including, the Egyptians, Assyrians, Alexander the Great, Romans, Caliphs, Mongols, Ottomans, British, and the French.

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SPECIAL FOCUS               Consequence # 1 → The Communist Revolution
PDF COPY → Russian Revolution Key Terminology & Concepts
PODCAST MATERIAL → The Russian Revolution: From Idealism to Terror (CBC)
International Impacts of Russian Revolution


People around the world watched the Russian Revolution unfold with a mix of queasy horror, astonishment and delight.

Emboldened by the precedent set in Russia, revolutionaries in other countries dove into their own projects of transformation with fresh enthusiasm.


It was through studying Lenin that Ho Chi Minh, the first leader of North Vietnam, developed his conviction that only socialism and communism could liberate oppressed nations.

Gandhi with Nehru, during a meeting of the All India Congress, Bombay, India. 1942.
India's first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru wrote: "Almost at the same time as the October Revolution led by the great Lenin, we in India began a new phase in our struggle for freedom.... And although under the leadership of Gandhi we followed another path, we were influenced by the example of Lenin."
In Canada, spurred on by the success of the Russian Revolution, 30,000 workers flooded the streets in 1919. The Winnipeg General Strike shut down factories and stopped trains, and is remembered as one of most influential labour protests in Canadian history.
For some African-American civil rights activists, early Soviet Russia seemed like a shining beacon — offering freedom from the racial segregation of their own country.


In 1932, the poet Langston Hughes travelled to Moscow. In his poem "Good morning, Revolution," written during that trip, he calls revolution "the best friend I ever had."


When civil rights activist and singer Paul Robeson arrived in Moscow in 1934, he told reporters, "I feel like a human being for the first time."
DOCUMENTARY → The Russian Revolution   (Netflix)
PDF COPY → Communist Revolution Causes Ordered


SPECIAL FOCUS               Consequence # 6 → The Signing of the Treaty of Versailles


Goals of the Major Powers at the Paris Peace Conference (Treaty of Versailles)

DOCUMENTARY Paris 1919 (Various Clips NFB)

SUMMARY IDEAS ABOUT THE TREATY


********************************************NOT ON TEST***************************************************

The War at Home

Historical Perspective  → War On The Home Front Case Studies
WW1 → The War at Home WORKSHEET
RECRUITMENT
Creating Canada

Spotlight Canada

Sources Investigated
WAR MEASURES ACT
Creating Canada

Spotlight Canada
WOMEN'S ROLES
Creating Canada

Spotlight Canada

Sources Investigated
THE ECONOMY
Spotlight Canada

Creating Canada
CONSCRIPTION
Creating Canada

Spotlight Canada

Sources Investigated


CANADIAN SOURCES INVESTIGATED 1914 to the Present -- Was Canada's Response to Black Soldiers Racist?

Readings BELOW In PDF So Students Can Zoom In On Text


CANADIAN SOURCES INVESTIGATED 1914 to the Present --Historical Background on Canada's Decision to Go to War


Three Day Road - Joseph Boyden Speaks About First Nations & WW1


                            Francis Pegahmagabow

Five WW1 Stories (Historical Perspective)

Why Care About WW1 100 Years Later?
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Post War Case Studies



Case Study #1 → Fighting for Rights
  Labour Rights → Winnipeg General Strike

PDF COPY → Worksheet

PDF COPY → Newspaper Articles     A
PDF COPY → Photograph     B
PDF COPY → Protest Song     C

PDF COPY → Textbook Excerpt     D

CBC Documentary Bloody Saturday FULL LENGTH     E



Case Study #2 → The Indian Residential School Era → Assimilation & the 10 Steps of Genocide

Relationship Road Map PDF

Gathering Evidence of the 10 Steps of Genocide
PDF COPY → 10 Steps of Genocide

SOURCE 1
Kent Monkman's The Scream 2017

SOURCE 2
7 Survivor Quotes with Photos

SOURCE 3
DOC → Surviving the Survivor

SOURCE 4
VIDEO → Canada Heritage Minute "Chanie Wenjack"

SOURCE 5

 

Backgrounder on the Indian Act

 

VIDEO Backgrounder on the Indian Act and Rights Denied

 

DETAILED Backgrounder of the Indian Act

 

Our Home on Native Land - Native Issues in Comic Book Format


SOURCE 6
FILM → When We Were Children

SOURCE 7
READING → 100 Years of Loss
100yearsofloss.ca
ADDITIONAL SOURCES

The Witness Blanket
Childhood Denied
They Came for the Children
The Secret Path


***************************************NOT ON TEST********************************************************
Case Study  → 1918 Flu Epidemic
Spanish Influenza of 1918–1919 killed more than 50 million people worldwide over the course of two years. The true origin of the 1918 influenza pandemic is unknown. During World War I, propaganda in war-engaged countries only permitted encouraging news, so as a neutral party, Spain was the first country to publicly report on the health crisis. Thus, Spanish Influenza became a popular term. However, historical research has shown that Spain was an unlikely candidate as the initial source.



Article A, B or C Task


VENN DIAGRAM Template for Article A, B, & C Task


SAMPLE Article Bottom Lines & Group Venn 2015

SAMPLE Article Bottom Lines & Group Venn 2016 (section 03)

SAMPLE Article Bottom Lines & Group Venn 2016 (section 04)


TEACHER SAMPLE Article A, B, & C Task



SAMPLE VENN DEBRIEF
→
Class Bottom Lines & Class Integrated Quotes



Case Study → Women's Rights → Legal & Political Rights



Womens Rights Readings


VIDEO Historian Charlotte Grey Speaks About Nellie McClung

Nellie McClung: Extraordinary Canadians Series by Charlotte Gray

Charlotte Gray's biography of Nellie McClung, the leader of the first wave of Canadian feminism, has been called "an inspired pairing of tale and teller."

One of Penguin Canada’s Extraordinary Canadians series, this short biography is a candid look at the firebrand who helped get women the vote, participated in the Famous Five court case to secure the right for women to sit in the Senate, and championed the rights of immigrant women.

McClung's wicked wit and strategic political sense helped shape the Canada of today. A Western populist, she embodied the values that still characterize Canada – faith in government, a collective commitment to social programs.

However, this slim volume is also an essay by a seasoned biographer on the nature of biography, the reliability of primary material, and the characteristics that define Canadian women today.
Charlotte Gray uses her considerable skills as a biographer to tell us the story of Nellie McClung, who made women’s rights acceptable for mainstream Canadian society, fighting to give women the power to work within their traditional roles to better all of society. Gray shows us how McClung moved from working in her community to fighting on the provincial level to being part of the national movement to have women declared as “persons” under the law. She was only one of many in this fight, but was a force who inspired women both then and now to fight for equality.

Gray freely discusses McClung’s more questionable beliefs (for example, her support for sterilizing the “unfit”) while also highlighting some of her forgotten talents (I had no idea she was a bestselling fiction author). Generous use of McClung’s own words adds to the energy of the book, and reflects the vigour of the subject.

Excerpt from Book
"Getting to know Nellie McClung over the past year has crystallized insights into Canadian women that have intrigued me ever since I arrived in this country in 1979. I have often noticed a sort of robust self-assurance exuded by women I’ve met here. And now I realize that Nellie has had a lot to do with this trait."


Persons Case


Women are persons in matters of pains and penalties, but are not persons in matters of rights and privileges.

— 1876 British court ruling 

 

SECTION 24 BNA Act

The Governor General shall from Time to Time, "in the Queen's Name, by Instrument under the Great 'Seal of Canada, summon qualified Persons to the 'Senate; and, subject to the Provisions of this Act, 'every Person so summoned shall become and be a 'Member of the Senate and a Senator." 

 

DOES THE WORD "PERSONS" IN SECTION 24 OF THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT 1867, INCLUDE FEMALE PERSONS?

Women are not "qualified persons" within the meaning of section 24 of the B.N.A. Act, 1867, and therefore are not eligible for appointment by the Governor General to the Senate of Canada (Judgement by the Supreme Court of Canada). 

 

♦  Legal language did not distinguish when the law applied to MALE and FEMALE persons and when the law applied to one sex only.


♦ "Person" became synonymous with male person.


♦ This confusion was the reason that Canadian women had to put forward the above question in the first place.


♦ The Supreme Court of Canada replied that the word "person" did not include female persons. Fortunately for Canadian women, the Famous 5 were able to appeal to an even higher court, the British Privy Council. The question was duly submitted to them and on October 18, 1929 they overturned the decision of the Supreme Court by deciding that the word "person" did indeed include persons of the female gender.


♦ Some women became persons under 1929 ruling. Many women, including Aboriginal, Asian and other women of colour, remained ineligible because of their race. 


♦ The word "person" always had a much broader meaning than its strict legal definition, and it therefore had been used to exclude women from university degrees, from voting, from entering the professions and from holding public office.


♦ The definition of "person" became a threshold test of women's equality.


♦ Only when Canadian women had been legally recognized as persons could they gain access to public life. After 1929, the door was open for women to lobby for further changes to achieve equality. As women across Canada can confirm today, that struggle continues.


M. Bauer (ɔ) 2023